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| Figure 1. Moving map display |
Moving maps greatly improve pilot situational awareness (SA) by graphically displaying the aircraft’s position in relation to navigational aids (NAVAIDs), waypoints, controlled airspace, terrain, and hazardous weather. When properly certified, GPS-based navigation systems may be approved for terminal area operations, en route navigation, and instrument approach guidance.
Another major advancement in cockpit technology is the introduction of electronic chart systems, commonly referred to as electronic flight bags (EFBs) (Figure 2). An EFB is a self-powered electronic system capable of storing and displaying aviation charts, manuals, and other critical flight documents.
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| Figure 2. Example of an electronic flight bag |
These devices can contain digitized terminal procedures, en route charts, airport diagrams, the complete Chart Supplement (A/FD), 14 CFR regulations, and the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)
Modern touch-screen EFBs allow pilots to view airport diagrams, approach plates, and area charts electronically during all phases of flight. With FAA approval, operators may replace traditional paper publications with electronic versions, including minimum equipment lists (MELs), standard operating procedures (SOPs), standard instrument departures (SIDs), standard terminal arrival routes (STARs), checklists, and flight deck manuals.
As with paper publications, electronic databases must remain current to ensure accurate information regarding NAVAIDs, waypoints, airspace, and terminal procedures. These databases are typically updated every 28 days in accordance with the FAA AIRAC cycle and are available from various commercial vendors. Pilots must be thoroughly familiar with the operation, capabilities, limitations, and failure modes of electronic display systems before relying on them for flight operations.