An aircraft is a device that is used, or intended to be used, for flight according to Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 1, Definitions and Abbreviations. Aircraft categories for certification of airmen include airplane, rotorcraft, glider, lighter-than-air, powered-lift, powered parachute, and weight-shift control aircraft.
Title 14 CFR part 1 also defines an airplane as an engine-driven, fixed-wing aircraft that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of air against its wings. Another commonly used term is advanced avionics aircraft, referring to aircraft equipped with systems such as GPS navigation with moving map displays and integrated automation like autopilots.
This section provides a general introduction to aircraft structure and systems, using the airplane as the primary example. While many principles apply across different aircraft types, Light Sport Aircraft (LSA)—including gliders, balloons, powered parachutes, and gyroplanes—have their own specialized characteristics and training materials.
The following sections introduce key concepts related to aircraft design, aerodynamics, structural components, construction methods, and modern instrumentation systems used in today’s aircraft.
Aircraft Construction Series
1. Aircraft Design, Certification, and Airworthiness
Learn how aircraft are designed, certified, and maintained to meet safety and regulatory standards.
View Topic →2. Lift and Basic Aerodynamics
Understand the aerodynamic principles that allow aircraft to generate lift and remain in flight.
View Topic →3. Major Components and Subcomponents
Explore the primary structural parts of an aircraft and how they function together.
View Topic →4. Types of Aircraft Construction
Discover different construction methods and materials used in modern aircraft structures.
View Topic →5. Instrumentation: Moving into the Future
Learn about modern avionics, digital displays, and advanced cockpit technologies.
View Topic →